Berliner Tageblatt - Israeli film revisits alleged 1948 massacre of Palestinians

"Tantura", which premiered at the Sundance Film Festival last week, revisits a controversial episode from the war that raged during Israel's creation, in which more than 760,000 Palestinians fled or were forced from their homes.

Tantura was a coastal Mediterranean village in the northwest of what is now Israel, and the scene of fighting between Jewish and Arab forces in May of 1948.

The film in part focuses on Theodore Katz, who as a masters history student in the 1990s collected testimonies -- from ex-Israeli soldiers and Arab witnesses -- which indicated troops massacred unarmed Palestinians in Tantura outside the context of a battle.

Katz's paper initially earned top marks from the University of Haifa but became a source of national controversy after his findings were picked up by Israeli media in 2000.

Veterans of the Israeli unit that fought in Tantura, the Alexandroni Brigade, sued Katz for defamation and he ultimately issued a retraction, a move he now regrets.

Katz is a main character in Schwarz's documentary, which includes extensive testimony from former Alexandroni Brigade soldiers and witnesses, and supports claims of a massacre at Tantura.

Schwarz told AFP that he understands the film could face criticism but said he believed that a new generation of Israelis is more willing to discuss difficult episodes in the nation's history.

"On the one hand, I'm afraid people will go after me but on the other hand, Israel is going through a change," he said. "I am a Zionist. I am for Jews having their own state but I think it is critical for us to understand our history."

- 'It happened' -

Some soldiers interviewed in "Tantura" deny that any Palestinians were killed outside the context of the battle for the town.

Others unequivocally confirm that Israeli forces shot Arabs dead away from the combat zone, but estimates on the numbers potentially killed vary widely.

"It was silenced," one veteran, Yossef Diamant, says in the film. "It was horrifying... I don't want to talk about it, but it happened."

Israel's army declined to comment on the film or the allegations of a massacre, but Schwarz told AFP he received "helpful, straightforward and professional" assistance from the military during his research.

In addition to witness testimony, notably from Palestinians, "Tantura" includes expert analysis on how changes in the ground level before and after the conflict suggest human manipulation of the soil consistent with the digging of a mass grave.

The film concludes that several Palestinians were likely buried under what is now a parking lot next to the popular Dor beach.

- 'Deal with our past' -

After the film's release, the Palestinian foreign ministry, based in the Israeli-occupied West Bank, called for "an international commission of inquiry" into the "crimes and massacres" allegedly committed by Israeli forces.

In an editorial, Israel's left-wing Haaretz newspaper called for "an investigative task force" to probe the events in Tantura.

Schwarz said that he endured "a personal psychological roller coaster" in investigating the events.

"I am this guy who thought I had a grip on our historical reality but I actually grew up on the myth" about the moral purity of the Israeli state, he said.

When it comes to the conflict with the Palestinians, he said, "telling ourselves a story that there wasn't a people here before is not helpful".

"That is the founding myth of the nation and I think we need to get real and mature as a society."

Adam Raz, an Israeli historian who assisted in the film's production, told AFP that resistance to discussing what happened at Tantura was ultimately not in the national interest.

Jews and Palestinians will live alongside each other "now and in 100 years", said Raz, who works at Akevot, an organisation that specialises in researching state archives.

"If we want to go forward towards reconciliation, we need to deal with our past."

J.Bergmann--BTB