Berliner Tageblatt - Oldest known lizard ancestor discovered in England

The ancient reptile, which lived during the Middle Triassic epoch shortly before the rise of the dinosaurs, was so small its entire body could fit in the palm of a human hand.

"The new animal is unlike anything yet discovered and has made us all think again about the evolution of the lizard, snakes and the tuatara," the latter of which is a New Zealand reptile, Dan Marke of the University of Bristol said in a statement.

The skeleton of the oldest known member of the lepidosauria order, a family of reptiles, was found at a fossil-rich beach in Devon, southwest England, in 2015.

But figuring out what it actually was took the scientists years, and the discovery was announced in a study in the journal Nature on Wednesday.

"The new fossil shows almost none of what we expected," said Marke, the study's lead author.

Modern lizards and snakes have a partially hinged skull and plenty of teeth on the roof of their mouth -- but this ancient ancestor had neither.

"Not only this but it possesses some spectacularly large teeth compared to its closest relatives," the palaeobiologist said.

It also has a bone running from cheek to jaw, a feature it shares only with the unique tuatara that is often referred to as a "living fossil".

"The new beast" used these teeth "to pierce and shear the hard cuticles of its insect prey, pretty much as the tuatara does today," said study co-author Michael Benton, also from Bristol University.

The fossil was difficult to study because it is so small -- the skull is just 1.5 centimetres (0.6 of an inch) wide -- and was preserved in a large rock.

So the British researchers scanned it using the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, which works as a kind of huge microscope producing X-rays 100 billion times brighter than those used in hospitals.

The Synchrotron allowed the scientists to "zoom in on large objects and obtain very high-resolution images," said Vincent Fernandez, a palaeontologist at the facility in France.

The scientists named the lizard ancestor Agriodontosaurus helsbypetrae, after the Helsby Sandstone Formation where it was discovered.

K.Thomson--BTB